Abstract The fruit softening seriously affected the quality of Annona squamosa, and the edible coating combined with exogenous calcium had a positive effect on inhibiting the softening of A. squamosa. In this paper, the rheological properties of C-AeP-P solution and the effect of Ca2+ on the rheological properties of the solution were studied. Based on this, the indicators of fruit hardness, freshness and plumpness were used to monitor the softening effect of A. squamosa. The results show that: C-AeP-P solution showed non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior over the range of 0.2-1.0%. With the increase of C-AeP-P concentration, the apparent viscosity and solids like properties increased. After the addition of Ca2+, C-AeP-P had apparent differences on apparent viscosity. The G′ and G″ of C-AeP-P were increased with increasing oscillation frequency. C-AeP-P and C-AeP-P+Ca2+ treatment can slow down rapidly decline of fruit hardness, increase of soluble solid content, loss of water, change peel color and regulate the expression of key enzyme genes AI and Ni. It was concluded that the coating treatment of C-AeP-P alleviates the adverse effects of quality changes during storage, so as to improve the quality and prolong the shelf life of A. squamosa.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Swimming is a sport that requires skill and great physical strength. The effects of its training reflect on the practitioner's motor coordination, body shape, and general physical health. These benefits can provide college students with a teaching foundation for future learning in other skills. Objective: Explore the effects of physical training on teaching swimming skills. Methods: Forty non-physical education university students were randomly selected and divided into an experimental and control group. The experiment lasted 12 weeks, and the experimental group performed a training protocol stipulated by the researchers three times a week, including 10 minutes of stretching, 45 minutes of physical training, and 10 minutes of cooling down, totaling 65 minutes. The control group performed standard swim training. Swimming skill changes were assessed in the pool and statistically compared; the indicators were collected and analyzed. Results: The experimental physical training evidenced its scores in the FMS test, where the control group's improvement was statistically lower. Conclusion: The choice of directed sports training can improve the swimming speed of the students and make their movements more coordinated, reflecting greater mastery of the musculature and increase in the level of physical fitness in university students, which is indicated for the integral development of teaching. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Resumen Introducción: La natación es un deporte que exige habilidad y gran fuerza física, los efectos de su entrenamiento se reflejan en la coordinación motora, la forma corporal y la salud física general del practicante. Estos beneficios pueden proporcionar a los estudiantes universitarios una base didáctica para el aprendizaje futuro de otras capacidades. Objetivo: Explorar los efectos del entrenamiento físico en la enseñanza de la natación. Métodos: Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 40 estudiantes universitarios no especializados en educación física, divididos en un grupo experimental y uno de control. El experimento duró 12 semanas, el grupo experimental realizó un protocolo de entrenamiento estipulado por los investigadores tres veces por semana, que incluía 10 minutos de estiramientos, 45 minutos de entrenamiento físico, 10 minutos de enfriamiento, en total 65 minutos. El grupo de control realizó un entrenamiento de natación estándar. Se evaluaron los cambios en las habilidades de natación en la piscina y se compararon estadísticamente, se recogieron los indicadores y se analizaron. Resultados: El entrenamiento físico experimental evidenció sus resultados en la prueba FMS, donde la mejora del grupo de control fue estadísticamente inferior. Conclusión: La elección del entrenamiento deportivo dirigido puede mejorar la velocidad de nado de los alumnos y hacer que sus movimientos sean más coordinados, reflejando un mayor dominio de la musculatura y aumento del nivel de condición física en los estudiantes universitarios, siendo indicado para el desarrollo integral de la enseñanza. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: A natação é um esporte que exige habilidade e grande força física, os efeitos de seu treinamento refletem na coordenação motora, forma corporal e saúde física geral do praticante. Esses benefícios podem proporcionar aos estudantes universitários uma base de ensino para futuros aprendizados em outras habilidades. Objetivo: Explorar os efeitos do treinamento físico no ensino das habilidades de natação. Métodos: Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 40 estudantes universitários não especializados em educação física, divididos entre grupo experimental e controle. A experiência durou 12 semanas, o grupo experimental efetuou um protocolo de treinamento estipulado pelos pesquisadores três vezes por semana, incluindo 10 minutos de alongamento, 45 minutos de treino físico, 10 minutos de resfriamento, totalizando 65 minutos. O grupo controle efetuou um treinamento de natação padrão. Alterações de habilidade de natação foram avaliadas na piscina e comparadas estatisticamente, os indicadores foram coletados e analisados. Resultados: O treinamento físico experimental evidenciou seus escores no teste FMS, onde a melhora do grupo controle foi estatisticamente inferior. Conclusão: A escolha do treinamento esportivo direcionado pode melhorar a velocidade de natação dos alunos e tornar seus movimentos mais coordenados, refletindo um maior domínio da musculatura e aumento no nível de aptidão física sobre os estudantes universitários, sendo indicado para o desenvolvimento integral do ensino. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Abstract Objective To investigate the influencing factors that influence the mental and bone health status of older women. Methods A total of 576 older women aged more than 75 years old were recruited from 30 communities. Participants completed the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Participants’ bone mineral density was measured by ultrasound bone densitometer or dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results The average K10 score was (14.78±4.23). There were 352 subjects (61.11%) in “good” mental health status, 158(27.43%) in general status and 66(11.46%) in poor status. There were 315 older women(54.69%) who developed OP, and they had significantly higher K10 score than the non-OP subjects. A Multivariate Logistic Regression analysis showed that poor mental status, aging, age at menarche <16 years, long time of menopause, more delivery times were the risk factors for OP in older women, while regular exercise and high BMI were the protective factors against OP in older women. Pearson Correlation Coefficient analysis showed that bone mineral density was negatively correlated with K10 score. Conclusion Mental and bone health of older women are affected by a variety of factors. Clinical care can focus on providing comprehensive prevention and control of these factors.

Abstract The potential of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as symptomatic and prognostic biomarkers in oncotherapy for hepatic carcinoma has been revealed. However, the specific mechanisms of lncRNA-regulated tumor progression and metastasis are not completely known. The RNA and miRNA sequencing data of liver cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas database were analyzed. A competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) was constructed, and its effects on the progression and metastasis of tumors and the survival rates of patients with tumor were evaluated. Differentially expressed mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs were identified. A liver cancer-associated ceRNA network, namely, FAM224A/hsa-mir-139/RAD54B, was then established. FAM224A/hsa-mir-139/RAD54B assumed a significant part in liver malignancy movement and metastasis. A series of cell experiments was conducted to prove the importance of ceRNAs, and the binding between RNAs was validated through a dual-luciferase reporter assay. The FAM224A/hsa-mir-139/RAD54B network in liver cancer was identified. FAM224A may be an important prognostic factor and treatment target for liver cancer.

Abstract TBX5 has been linked to Holt-Oram syndrome, with congenital heart defect (CHD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) being two major cardiac phenotypes. However, the prevalence of a TBX5 variation in patients with CHD and AF remains obscure. In this research, by sequencing analysis of TBX5 in 178 index patients with both CHD and AF, a novel heterozygous variation, NM_000192.3: c.577G>T; p.(Gly193*), was identified in one index patient with CHD and AF as well as bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), with an allele frequency of approximately 0.28%. Genetic analysis of the proband’s pedigree showed that the variation co-segregated with the diseases. The pathogenic variation was not detected in 292 unrelated healthy subjects. Functional analysis by using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system showed that the Gly193*-mutant TBX5 protein failed to transcriptionally activate its target genes MYH6 and NPPA. Moreover, the mutation nullified the synergistic transactivation between TBX5 and GATA4 as well as NKX2-5. Additionally, whole-exome sequencing analysis showed no other genes contributing to the diseases. This investigation firstly links a pathogenic variant in the TBX5 gene to familial CHD and AF as well as BAV, suggesting that CHD and AF as well as BAV share a common developmental basis in a subset of patients.

Abstract The service life of components can be extended by repairing fatigue crack with laser so as to improve resource utilization rate. However, the effect of laser repair may be influenced by the instability of laser treatment. To investigate the addition of nanocomposites on the laser repairing effect, fatigue test under uniaxial tension was carried out to evaluate the fatigue life of precracked 304 stainless steel components repaired by laser. According to the results obtained from fatigue tests, a probabilistic fatigue life distribution model considered the sampling size and discreteness of data was established based on the three-parameter Weibull distribution model and three-parameter stress-life equation. The results of probabilistic fatigue life distribution model show that the fatigue life of components repaired by laser with addition of WC nanocomposites can be enhanced significantly, especially the high cycle fatigue life. Moreover, the microstructure of repaired region show that the WC nanoparticles could refine the recrystallized grains and lead to the improvement of strength and toughness of material around crack tip, which are the main reason of improved fatigue life. Meanwhile, smooth surface of repaired region caused by WC nanoparticles can also prevent the initiation of microcracks.

The influence of homogenization treatment on microstructure evolution of Mg-5.8Zn-0.5Zr-1.0Yb (mass fraction, %) alloy was investigated under different annealing temperatures and holding times. Results indicated a severe dendritic segregation in the as-cast ingot. Zn and Yb segregate remarkably at the grain boundary and Zr appears in the form of precipitates. The Mg-Zn binary eutectic phases and a new ternary phase Mg-Zn-Yb are mainly distributed at dendrite boundaries. After homogenization, most of the eutectic phases dissolve into the matrix, except for a small amount of Mg-Zn-Yb phase. The area fractions of residual secondary phase decrease from 5.54% in the as-cast alloy to 0.59% in the well-homogenized sample. Microhardness test indicates that with the increasing temperature and holding time, microhardness value decreased sharply within the first stage of homogenization and then increased steadily to the local maximum value at 380 ºC and 12 h, followed by a slight reduction. Basing on the comprehensive analysis on microstructure and mechanical properties, the homogenization treatment at 380 ºC for 12 h is preferable.

This study aims to observe the 3-D structural changes in subchondral bone and the effects of bisphosphonate intervention in the early unsteady stage of the knee joint. Sixty healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into the model group (n= 24), the bisphosphonate (Bis) group (n= 24), and the control group (n= 12). The rabbits' right knees were used to evaluate the structural changes. The Bis group received subcutaneous injections of bisphosphonate, while the model and control groups received subcutaneous injections of isotonic saline solution. After surgical preparation, the knee joint was dissected for Micro-CT examination, and the Micro-CT results were compared using ANOVA. In the fourth postoperative week, the bone volume fraction (BVF), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) of the model group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between the Bis and control groups. In the twelfth postoperative week, BVF, Tb.Th, and Tb.N of the model group were significantly higher than those of the control and Bis groups (P <0.05). Similarly, bone mineral density was higher in the model group (P <0.01), while the trabecular spacing was significantly lower (P <0.05). In the early unsteady stage of the knee joint, the subchondral bone had markedly decreased, while obvious bone formation was visible in the late stage. Bisphosphonates could protect the subchondral bone structure by inhibiting bone absorption.

El objetivo fue observar los cambios estructurales en 3-D del hueso subcondral y los efectos de la intervención con bifosfonatos en la etapa temprana de la inestabilidad de la articulación de la rodilla. Sesenta conejos blancos New Zealand machos sanos se dividieron en tres grupos: modelo (n= 24), bisfosfonato (Bis) (n= 24) y control (n= 12). Las rodillas derechas de los conejos se utilizaron para evaluar los cambios estructurales. El grupo Bis recibió inyecciones subcutáneas de bisfosfonato, mientras que los grupos modelo y control recibieron inyecciones subcutáneas de solución salina isotónica. Después de la preparación quirúrgica, la articulación de la rodilla fue disecada para su análisis mediante micro-TC, y los resultados se compararon mediante ANOVA. En la cuarta semana postoperatoria, la fracción del volumen óseo (GVF), el número trabecular (Tb.N) y el espesor trabecular (Tb.Th) del grupo modelo fueron significativamente más bajos que los del grupo control (P <0,01). No hubo diferencia significativa entre los grupos control y Bis. En la semana 12 postoperatoria, BVF, Tb.Th, y Tb.N del grupo modelo fueron significativamente mayores que los del grupo control y Bis (P <0,05). Del mismo modo, la densidad mineral ósea fue mayor en el grupo modelo (P <0,01), mientras que la separación trabecular fue significativamente menor (<0,05 P). En la etapa inestable temprana de la articulación de la rodilla, el hueso subcondral disminuyó notablemente, mientras que la formación ósea obvia fue visible en la etapa tardía. Los bisfosfonatos podrían proteger la estructura ósea subcondral mediante la inhibición de la absorción ósea.

OBJECTIVE: Ischemia reperfusion injury is partly responsible for the high mortality associated with induced myocardial injury and the reduction in the full benefit of myocardial reperfusion. Remote ischemic preconditioning, perconditioning, and postconditioning have all been shown to be cardioprotective. However, it is still unknown which one is the most beneficial. To examine this issue, we used adult male Wistar rat ischemia reperfusion models to compare the cardioprotective effect of these three approaches applied on double-sided hind limbs. METHODS: The rats were randomly distributed to the following five groups: sham, ischemia reperfusion, remote preconditioning, remote perconditioning, and remote post-conditioning. The ischemia/reperfusion model was established by sternotomy followed by a 30-min ligation of the left coronary artery and a subsequent 3-h reperfusion. Remote conditioning was induced with three 5-min ischemia/5-min reperfusion cycles of the double-sided hind limbs using a tourniquet. RESULTS: A lower early reperfusion arrhythmia score (1.50 + 0.97) was found in the rats treated with remote perconditioning compared to those in the ischemia reperfusion group (2.33 + 0.71). Meanwhile, reduced infarct size was also observed (15.27 + 5.19% in remote perconditioning, 14.53 + 3.45% in remote preconditioning, and 19.84+5.85% in remote post-conditioning vs. 34.47 + 7.13% in ischemia reperfusion, p<0.05), as well as higher expression levels of the apoptosis-relevant protein Bcl-2/Bax following global (ischemia/reperfusion) injury in in vivo rat heart models (1.255 + 0.053 in remote perconditioning, 1.463 + 0.290 in remote preconditioning, and 1.461 +0.541 in remote post-conditioning vs. 1.003 + 0.159 in ischemia reperfusion, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Three remote conditioning strategies implemented with episodes of double-sided hind limb ischemia/reperfusion have similar therapeutic potential for cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, and remote perconditioning has a greater ability to prevent reperfusion arrhythmia.